References
The full picture, once you've used a piece of it
References are most useful after you've already needed them. Build something first, then come back to a reference to fill in the corners.
General
HTML Headings
h1 through h6 are the page’s table of contents. Use them for structure, never for size — that’s what CSS is for.
HTML Headings
h1–h6 are instances of HTMLHeadingElement. They take no special attributes — only the global set and ARIA — but there’s real depth in how they form the document outline and what you can do with them from JavaScript.
HTML Headings
Headings, distilled to what you must remember.
HTML Headings
Everything about h1–h6 you’d look up mid-task, with no preamble.
CSS card — cheatsheet
The box-model card at a glance — the handful of properties that do the work, ready to copy.
CSS card — reference
One-liner reference for the card project’s properties — scan, copy, and open the live example.
Arrays — reference
Arrays in JavaScript: indexing, mutation, iteration, the methods that survive the test of time, and the ones that do not.
Introduction to Svelte
Svelte is a web technology. Compile-time reactivity — no virtual DOM.
Introduction to Three.js
Three.js is a web technology. WebGL 3D for the browser, made tractable.
Introduction to Framer Motion
Framer Motion is a web technology. Production-ready animation for React.
Introduction to PHP
PHP still runs a huge slice of the web — from WordPress to Wikipedia — and modern PHP is fast and pleasant.
Introduction to Tailwind
Tailwind is a web technology. Utility-first CSS you compose in markup.
Introduction to Sass
Sass is a web technology. CSS with variables, nesting, and mixins.
Introduction to Vite
Vite is a web technology. Instant dev server and lightning builds.
Introduction to Webpack
Webpack is a web technology. The configurable module bundler.
Introduction to C
C is the language the rest of computing is built on — small, fast, and unforgiving, it maps almost directly onto how the machine actually works.
Introduction to Nim
Nim reads like Python but compiles to small, fast native binaries with no runtime dependency.
Introduction to Assembly
Assembly is a programming language. Talk to the processor in its own instructions.
Introduction to Java
Java is the workhorse of enterprise software — write once, run anywhere on the Java Virtual Machine.
Introduction to C#
C# is Microsoft’s modern, multi-paradigm language — the heart of .NET and a joy to write at scale.
Introduction to Kotlin
Kotlin is a concise, null-safe language for the JVM — and Google’s preferred language for Android.
Introduction to Swift
Swift is Apple’s fast, safe, modern language — the way to build for iPhone, iPad, Mac, and beyond.
Introduction to Scala
Scala fuses object-oriented and functional programming on the JVM — expressive, powerful, and built for scale.
Introduction to Dart
Dart is the client-optimised language behind Flutter — one codebase, every screen.
Introduction to Objective-C
Objective-C is a programming language. The classic language of the Apple platforms.
Introduction to Groovy
Groovy is a programming language. Dynamic scripting that supercharges the JVM.
Introduction to Crystal
Crystal is a programming language. Ruby-like syntax compiled to native speed.
Introduction to Fortran
Fortran is a programming language. The granddaddy of high-performance scientific computing.
Introduction to Ruby
Ruby was designed for developer happiness — readable, expressive, and a delight for building things fast.
Introduction to Lua
Lua is a tiny, blazing-fast scripting language designed to be embedded inside other programs.
Introduction to Perl
Perl is the original swiss-army chainsaw of text processing — powerful, pragmatic, and still everywhere on Unix systems.
Introduction to Bash
Bash is the shell on nearly every Linux and Mac — the glue that automates everything in a terminal.
Introduction to PowerShell
PowerShell is a shell that passes objects, not just text — automation that understands your data.
Introduction to Haskell
Haskell is purely functional and lazily evaluated — a language that will change how you think about code.
Introduction to Clojure
Clojure is a modern Lisp for the JVM — minimal syntax, immutable data, and a powerful approach to state.
Introduction to F#
F# is a programming language. Functional-first .NET with pragmatic power.
Introduction to Elixir
Elixir builds wildly concurrent, fault-tolerant systems on the battle-tested Erlang VM.
Introduction to Erlang
Erlang is a programming language. Telecom-grade concurrency and nine-nines uptime.
Introduction to OCaml
OCaml is a programming language. Industrial-strength functional programming.
Introduction to R
R is the language built by statisticians, for statistics — the go-to for data analysis and visualisation.
Introduction to Julia
Julia delivers C-like speed with Python-like ease — built from the ground up for numerical and scientific computing.
Introduction to MATLAB
MATLAB is a programming language. Numerical computing and engineering, batteries included.
Introduction to Solidity
Solidity is the language of smart contracts — programs that run on the Ethereum blockchain.
Introduction to COBOL
COBOL is a programming language. Still running the world’s financial systems.
Introduction to Visual Basic
Visual Basic is a programming language. An approachable .NET language with a long legacy.
Introduction to Node.js
Node.js is a backend technology. JavaScript on the server, event-driven I/O.
Introduction to Express
Express is a backend technology. The minimal, unopinionated Node web framework.
Introduction to NestJS
NestJS is a backend technology. Structured, batteries-included Node framework.
Introduction to Django
Django is a backend technology. Python framework with batteries included.
Introduction to FastAPI
FastAPI is a backend technology. Type-driven, async Python APIs, fast.
Introduction to Spring
Spring is a backend technology. The Java framework that runs the enterprise.
Introduction to Ruby on Rails
Ruby on Rails is a backend technology. Convention over configuration, full-stack Ruby.
Introduction to Laravel
Laravel is a backend technology. The PHP framework for artisans.
Introduction to REST
REST is a backend technology. Resource-oriented HTTP API design.
Introduction to GraphQL
GraphQL is a backend technology. Ask for exactly the data you need.
Introduction to gRPC
gRPC is a backend technology. Contract-first, binary, fast service calls.
Introduction to WebSockets
WebSockets is a backend technology. Full-duplex, real-time connections over one socket.
Introduction to Sessions
Sessions is a backend technology. Server-side login state, done right.
Introduction to SQL
SQL is the language every relational database speaks — the single most transferable data skill you can learn.
Introduction to PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is a data technology. The relational database that does it all.
Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is a data technology. The ubiquitous open-source relational DB.
Introduction to SQLite
SQLite is a data technology. A whole SQL database in a single file.
Introduction to MongoDB
MongoDB is a data technology. Document storage with a flexible schema.
Introduction to Redis
Redis is a data technology. In-memory data store for speed and queues.
Introduction to Prisma
Prisma is a data technology. Type-safe ORM with a schema-first model.
Introduction to Drizzle
Drizzle is a data technology. SQL-first, fully typed TypeScript ORM.
Introduction to Machine Learning
Machine Learning is a AI/ML technology. Models that learn patterns from data.
Introduction to Deep Learning
Deep Learning is a AI/ML technology. Neural nets that power modern AI.
Introduction to Neural Networks
Neural Networks is a AI/ML technology. The building block under deep learning.
Introduction to PyTorch
PyTorch is a AI/ML technology. Dynamic, Pythonic deep-learning framework.
Introduction to TensorFlow
TensorFlow is a AI/ML technology. End-to-end ML platform at scale.
Introduction to LangChain
LangChain is a AI/ML technology. Compose LLM apps from reusable parts.
Introduction to Prompting
Prompting is a AI/ML technology. Direct a model to do the work you want.
Introduction to RAG
RAG is a AI/ML technology. Ground a model in your own documents.
Introduction to Agents
Agents is a AI/ML technology. Models that call tools and take action.
Introduction to Fine-tuning
Fine-tuning is a AI/ML technology. Specialise a base model on your data.
Introduction to React Native
React Native is a mobile technology. Native apps from one React codebase.
Introduction to Flutter
Flutter is a mobile technology. Pixel-perfect cross-platform from Dart.
Introduction to Expo
Expo is a mobile technology. The fastest way to ship React Native.
Introduction to Android
Android is a mobile technology. Build for the world’s biggest platform.